What You're Doing

Cooking sugars — either added or naturally present in ingredients — until they break down and turn golden-brown, developing complex sweet and nutty flavors.

Visual Cues

Look for these signs to know your technique is working:

  • Sugars melting and turning amber
  • Sweet, nutty aroma developing
  • Color progressing from golden to deep brown
  • Texture becoming sticky and glossy

Why It Works

At temperatures above 160°C, sugar molecules break apart and recombine into hundreds of new compounds — creating complex flavors ranging from buttery to bitter. Slow, controlled heating develops the broadest range of flavors.

Failure Modes

Avoid these common problems:

  • Heat too high - sugar burns and turns bitter
  • Not stirring enough - hot spots burn
  • Adding liquid to hot caramel - explosive splatter
  • Stopping too early - not enough flavor development

Requirements & Guidelines

  • Low and slow for even caramelization
  • Stir frequently to prevent burning
  • A pinch of salt speeds the process
Technical Details (CKL)
pan "skillet" 30cm
heat pan to 150C
apply "butter" to pan
apply "onion" to pan
wait 30min